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1.Definition of Acid and Bases1.1 Arrhenius definition of acid and baseArrhenius AcidThe substance or a entangled which gives H+ ions in aqueous solution Arrhenius base Base is a substance or compound that produces OH- ions in aqueous solutions. Chemists have known for around time that the H+ ion doesnt exist in aqueous solutions as an independent species. The modernized Arrhenius definition of acid is that they are substances that produce H3O+ ions in aqueous solutions. It did not take longer for chemist to find other problems with the Arrhenius definition. In practical terms, the OH- ion is far from being the only base.1.2 Bronsted-Lowry definitionBronsted-Lowery definitions acid and a base, watch the net ionic equation for any Arrhenius acid-base reaction in water H3O+ + OH-2H2OWhen it reacts, the H3O+ ion gives up a proton, passing it to the OH- ion. This means that H3O+ is a Bronsted-Lowry acid in this reaction. The OH- in turn acce pts the proton, making it a Bronsted-Lowry base.The advantages of the Bronsted-Lowry definitions are that they cover acids and bases other than H3O+ and OH- .Consider HSO4- + PO43- SO4- + HPO42-During this reaction the HSO4- ion donates a proton and is therefore an acid. The reaction ion turns the HSO4- ion into the SO4- ion. The PO43- ion becomes the HPO4- ion during the same reaction. That is, the PO43- ion accepts a proton, which means that it is acting as a base.1.2.1 Bronsted-Lowery Acid-Base ReactionsConjugate Acids and BasesConjugate Acid When a proton (not a hydrogen atom or hydrogen but a proton, H+) is added to a blood cell or ion, its conjugate acid forms.Exampl... ...near to neutral if not that particular drug or medicine may cause irritation in body tissues. hullabaloo process requires a specific pH for the best results. The pH during a fermentation process changes by itself due to fermentation process so weaken play important role in controlling this pH change. Buffers are also used in foods to maintain the acidity of the food in array to preserve the flavour and appearance of food. Dyes in textile industries play an important role in giving colour to different fabrics. Colour strength of dyes is fast associated to narrow pH range which is maintained by using different buffer systems. pH above or below this narrow range impart affect the colour imparting ability of different dyes.In Leather industries narrow range of pH control of tanning and dyeing baths determine the metric grain and colour of the finished product.